The PAXV Project
G ardians of A nalog R eceived D igital I nformation A ssurance for N etworks and S ignals
The first mechanical calculator in 1642 offered by Blaise Pascal was sold as a device that would eventually perform all four arithmetic operations without relying on human intelligence. Again, in 1886 Charles Sanders Peirce described how logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits. Be aware that this is a miniscule sample in history, where a multitude of examples exist. Digital circuits are required to reduce energy signals to one of two values in order to function as a calculat